Firstly, create a web service interface then put the @WebService annotation.

package com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.webservice;

import javax.jws.WebService;

import com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.domain.User;

@WebService
public interface TestWebService
{
	User getUser(Long id);
}

Secondly, create a class implmenting the web service interface with also the @WebService annotation then specify the targetNamespace and the serviceName as you wish. In my case, these are

targetNamespace: "http://webservice.webhibernate.test"
serviceName: "testWebService"

To use the UserService EJB, injected by OpenEJB, make the web service class session EJB with the @Stateless annotation.

package com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.webservice;

import javax.ejb.EJB;
import javax.ejb.Local;
import javax.ejb.Stateless;
import javax.jws.WebService;

import com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.domain.User;
import com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.service.UserService;

@Local
@Stateless
@WebService(targetNamespace = "http://webservice.webhibernate.test", serviceName = "testWebService")
public class TestWebServiceImpl implements TestWebService
{
	@EJB
	private UserService userService;

	@Override
	public User getUser(Long id)
	{
		return userService.getUser(id);
	}
}

The class above simply returns a User entity object acquired from the UserService EJB, made in the previous post.

That’s it. You have just made your web service. When the server starts and the application is deployed, the EJB container (OpenEJB) registers the above EJB as a web service.

Now, let’s make a web service client. To make a very simple example client, I’m going to create a servlet in the same web application to which the web service belongs, yet it can of course be another web application, Java desktop application, Java console application and so on.

Here is a simple servlet which gets the user ID from the client-side then accesses the web service to get the User. After that it passes the User entity object through the HttpSession to the JSP page to display.

package com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.web;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import javax.xml.namespace.QName;
import javax.xml.ws.Service;

import com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.domain.User;
import com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.webservice.TestWebService;

public class TestWebServiceClientServlet extends HttpServlet
{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
	{
		doPost(request, response);
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
	{
		Service service = Service.create(new URL("http://localhost:8080/TestWebServiceImpl?wsdl"), new QName(
				"http://webservice.webhibernate.test", "testWebService"));
		TestWebService testWebService = service.getPort(TestWebService.class);

		String userIdParam = request.getParameter("userId");

		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		if (null == userIdParam || 0 == userIdParam.length())
		{
			session.removeAttribute("userFound");
		}
		else
		{
			Long userId = Long.parseLong(userIdParam);
			User user = testWebService.getUser(userId);
			session.setAttribute("userFound", user);
		}
		getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/WEB-INF/jsp/webServiceClient.jsp")
				.forward(request, response);
	}
}

This is just a simple example thus I omitted validation (e.g. checking whether the userId is ‘long’ type or not) and exception handling.

The WSDL location is the server URI + “/” + web service class name + “?wsdl”.
http://localhost:8080/TestWebServiceImpl?wsdl
The parameters of the QName constructor are namespaceURI and localPart, and these are defined in the web service. If you look at the web service code again, these can easily be found from the @WebService annotation.

@WebService(targetNamespace = "http://webservice.webhibernate.test", serviceName = "testWebService")
public class TestWebServiceImpl implements TestWebService
{
	...
}

The value of the targetNamespace element is the namespaceURI of the QName constructor, and the value of the serviceNmae element is the localPart.

This is web.xml. The information of the new servlet, the web service client just created, is added to the web.xml, made in the previous post.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>test-web-hibernate</display-name>
  <servlet>
    <description></description>
    <display-name>TestServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.web.TestServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/Test</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet>
    <description></description>
    <display-name>TestWebServiceClientServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>TestWebServiceClientServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.web.TestWebServiceClientServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>TestWebServiceClientServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/TestWebServiceClient</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

Finally, add a JSP file to enter the userId to search a user and to display the user info.
In my case, I added the file to the application/WebContent/WEB-INF/jsp directory which is the same location that I set in the TestWebServiceClientServlet (look at the TestWebServiceClientServlet code above).
test-web-hibernate/WebContent/WEB-INF/jsp/webServiceClient.jsp

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
<form name="userForm" action="TestWebServiceClient" method="post" >
	<input type="text" name="userId" value="" /> <input type="submit" name="userIdSubmit" value="Search" />
</form>
</div>
<div>
	<table>
		<tr>
			<td>User ID: </td><td>${userFound.id }</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Username: </td><td>${userFound.username }</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surname: </td><td>${userFound.surname }</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Given name: </td><td>${userFound.givenName }</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Email: </td><td>${userFound.email }</td>
		</tr>
	</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>

To test it, open the browser and enter the following URI.

http://localhost:8080/test-web-hibernate/TestWebServiceClient

It displays the screen like below

Enter userId and click the 'Search' button

It displays the result yet there is one problem. It doesn’t display the userId.

The Search Result: userId is not displayed

There are two simple ways to solve this problem. Either way works so choose whichever you like.

1. Add the setter method. If there is setId() method, the id field is included when the object is passed through the web service. The reason why I did not write the setter method is that the id is supposed to be set by Hibernate and to avoid any problems caused by setting it manually, I did not write it. However, it is required in order to include the field when passing object through the web service. So adding setter can solve this problem. If you do not like this solution as you do not like to put the setter method due to the reason I explained, you can try the second solution.

@Entity
@Table(name = "users")
public class User implements Serializable
{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
	@Column(name = "user_id")
	private Long id;

	...

	public Long getId()
	{
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(Long id)
	{
		this.id = id;
	}

	...
}

OR

2. If you add the @XmlElement annotation to the id field and set the value of the required element to true, the id field is included even without the setter method.

...

import javax.xml.bind.annotation.XmlElement;

...
@Entity
@Table(name = "users")
public class User implements Serializable
{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
	@Column(name = "user_id")
	@XmlElement(required = true)
	private Long id;

	...

	public Long getId()
	{
		return id;
	}

	// No setId() required

	...
}

Now, test if it works.

Enter userId and click the 'Search' button

It works!

The Search Result: userId is displayed correctly

There are also other ways and tools to create a web service in Java. I used to use Apache Axis then later moved to XFire. Now, I use Apache CXF which is considered as XFire 2.0. It is, as explained here, very easy to create a web service client, yet it can be even easier with WSDL2Java from Apache Axis or WSDL2Java from Apache Axis2.

Before I start writing this blog entry, I’d better point out a few things.

• This blog entry is not about how to make a good Java EE application yet is about how to use OpenEJB on Apache Tomcat server with Hibernate as an implementation of the JPA. If you are looking for better Java EE development or similar, this one is not for you.
• I don’t have enough time to explain all the details of how to install JDK, Eclipse, Tomcat and so on. So this post doesn’t have that level of details. I simply assume that you’ve already known how to install JDK, Eclipse and Tomcat. Well, anyway, installing Eclipse and Tomcat are as easy as extracting a zip or gzip file and JDK installation is also not difficult at all.
• This post does not cover how to use those tools and frameworks in the production environment. In other words, it is only for the development. Setting up the environment for development and for the production use have some differences. It is, however not that hard to figure out once you know how to use those in your development environment.

1. Development Environment

First of all, I’m going to list the development environment and tools I have for this introductory tutorial post.
(Click each name and it will take you to the download page).

OS: Ubuntu Linux Jaunty Jackalope 9.04 Desktop 64bit
Java: Sun JDK 1.6.0_16 (64 bit) (it’s from the Ubuntu repository).
Database: MySQL Community Server 5.0 (it’s from the Ubuntu repository).
JDBC Driver: MySQL Connector/J 5.1.10
Eclipse: Eclipse IDE for Java EE Developer Ganymede SR2 (Eclipse 3.4.2)
Tomcat: Tomcat 6.0.20
OpenEJB: OpenEJB 3.1.1 (openejb.war)
Hibernate: Hibernate 3.2.1GA (including hibernate-3.2.1.ga, hibernate-annotations-3.2.1.ga, hibernate-entitymanager-3.2.1.ga)

2. Installing OpenEJB

Java EE server normally means a Java application server which consists of a Servlet container and an EJB container. Apache Tomcat is a servlet container but not an EJB container so you need to have an EJB container like OpenEJB or use a Java EE server instead of Tomcat in order to use EJB unless you’re using the frameworks supporting EJB such as Spring framework. “So if I use Tomcat server and Spring framework, do I not need OpenEJB or other Java EE servers to use EJB?” No, you don’t.

Since this post is, as already mentioned, about using using EJB on Tomcat with OpenEJB and Hibernate, I will first show you how to install OpenEJB.

Before installing OpenEJB, don’t forget to copy JDBC driver that is, in this post, MySQL Connector/J to the $TOMCAT/lib directory.
-Copy the Connector/J jar file to the Tomcat’s library directory ($TOMCAT_HOME/lib)

Select Connector/J and Extract to the $TOMCAT/lib directory.

Make sure the Connector/J jar file is in the $TOMCAT/lib directory.

-Run Eclipse and add Tomcat server: Menu – Window -> Preferences -> Server -> Runtime Environments -> Add

-Download the openejb.war, OpenEJB for Tomcat, and import the file from Eclipse.
-Right click on the project explorer -> Import -> WAR file

Right Click on the project explorer -> Import -> WAR File

-Click the ‘Browse’ button and select the openejb.war file -> Select your Tomcat 6.0 as the target runtime. -> Click the ‘Finish’ button.

Click the 'Browse' button and select the openejb.war file -> Select your Tomcat 6.0 as the target runtime. -> Click the 'Finish' button.

3. Add OpenEJB project to the Server to deploy

-Right click on the server name in the ‘Server’ view -> Select the ‘Add and Remove Projects…’

Right click on the server name in the 'Server' view -> Select the 'Add and Remove Projects...'

-Select openejb -> Click the ‘Add’ button -> Click the ‘Finish’ button

Select openejb -> Click the 'Add' button -> Click the 'Finish' button

-openejb is ready to be deployed.

openejb is deployed.

-Now run the server to deploy openejb.

Run the server to deploy openejb

-openejb is successfully deployed.

the openejb is successfully deployed.

4. Set up DataSource

-openejb.xml has to be copied to the Tomcat configuration folder of the Eclipse workspace.

openejb.xml has to be copied to the Tomcat configuration folder of the Eclipse workspace.

If you are using Tomcat without OpenEJB and want to create a DataSource, you might do by putting the DataSource info to Tomcat’s server.xml file or your application’s context configuration file (your_app/META-INF/context.xml). Yet to create the DataSource for JPA, you need to do through openejb.xml file. It is created in the Tomcat folder in the .metadata folder of your Eclipse workspace when the openejb project is deployed. However, it is not copied automatically to the configuration folder of your Eclipse workspace, you should copy the openejb.xml file to the Server configuration folder manually. If the location of the workspace is ‘/home/username/workspace’, the Tomcat is in ‘/home/username/test-workspace/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core’ and the openejb.xml file can be found in the ‘/home/username/workspace/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/conf’ directory.

-Find the openejb.xml file and copy to the Tomcat configuration folder of the Eclipse workspace.

Find the openejb.xml file and copy to the Tomcat configuration folder of the Eclipse workspace.

Paste the file to the Tomcat configuration folder of the Eclipse workspace.

-Open the ‘openejb.xml’ file then you can find the default DataSources.

Open the 'openejb.xml' file then you can find the default DataSources

-Add the following lines and modify for your own database.

<Resource id="mysqlDataSource" type="javax.sql.DataSource">
	JdbcDriver      	com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
	JdbcUrl         	jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test_db
	UserName        	test_user
	Password        	1234
	JtaManaged      	true
	DefaultAutoCommit 	true
	InitialSize     	3
	MaxActive       	20
	MinIdle         	20
	MaxIdle         	0
	MaxWait         	50000
	ValidationQuery 	SELECT 1
	TestOnBorrow    	true
	TestOnReturn    	false
	TestWhileIdle   	false
</Resource>

DataSource to access the MySQL database.

If you want to use OpenJPA as an implmentation of the JPA, you can do now. However, to use Hibernate there is one more step to do.

5. Install Hibernate

If you just have the Hibernate jar files in your application directory (e.g. your_app/WEB-INF/lib), the EJB container that is OpenEJB cannot find the hibernate classes as it is the container, it tries to find the hibernate class from the server’s lib directory. Thus just like you need to copy the JDBC driver, in this post it’s ‘Connector/J’, to the tomcat’s lib directory, the hibernate jar files should be placed in the Tomcat’s lib directory.

Otherwise, you will get an error like this.

ERROR - Unable to deploy collapsed ear in war /test-web-hibernate: Exception: Creating application failed: /home/username/workspace/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/test-web-hibernate: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence: org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence
org.apache.openejb.OpenEJBException: Creating application failed: /home/username/workspace/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/tmp0/wtpwebapps/test-web-hibernate: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence: org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence
	at org.apache.openejb.assembler.classic.Assembler.createApplication(Assembler.java:658)
	at org.apache.openejb.assembler.classic.Assembler.createApplication(Assembler.java:442)
	at org.apache.openejb.tomcat.catalina.TomcatWebAppBuilder.start(TomcatWebAppBuilder.java:249)
	at org.apache.openejb.tomcat.catalina.GlobalListenerSupport.lifecycleEvent(GlobalListenerSupport.java:58)
	at org.apache.catalina.util.LifecycleSupport.fireLifecycleEvent(LifecycleSupport.java:119)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.start(StandardContext.java:4339)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.reload(StandardContext.java:3190)
	at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappLoader.backgroundProcess(WebappLoader.java:404)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase.backgroundProcess(ContainerBase.java:1309)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1601)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1610)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.processChildren(ContainerBase.java:1610)
	at org.apache.catalina.core.ContainerBase$ContainerBackgroundProcessor.run(ContainerBase.java:1590)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:619)
Caused by: org.apache.openejb.OpenEJBException: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence: org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence
	at org.apache.openejb.assembler.classic.Assembler.createApplication(Assembler.java:487)
	... 13 more
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence
	at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1387)
	at org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader.loadClass(WebappClassLoader.java:1233)
	at org.apache.openejb.assembler.classic.PersistenceBuilder.createEntityManagerFactory(PersistenceBuilder.java:177)
	at org.apache.openejb.assembler.classic.Assembler.createApplication(Assembler.java:482)
	... 13 more

6. Adding logger configuration (Optional)

By default, OpenEJB creates a log file in the Eclipse’s $TOMCAT/logs directory. It is very inconvenient as you have to open the file when you want to get information from the log. However, it is very easy to change this to make it displayed on the Console view of Eclipse.

-Right click on the Tomcat configuration folder -> Select ‘New’ -> Select ‘File’ -> crated a file with the name ‘logging.properties’.

Right click on the Tomcat configuration folder -> Select 'New' -> Select 'File' -> crated a file with the name 'logging.properties'.

-Open the file and put the following lines

log4j.rootLogger                   = fatal,C
log4j.category.OpenEJB             = warn
log4j.category.OpenEJB.options     = info
log4j.category.OpenEJB.server      = info
log4j.category.OpenEJB.startup     = info
log4j.category.OpenEJB.startup.service = warn
log4j.category.OpenEJB.startup.config = info
log4j.category.OpenEJB.hsql        = info
log4j.category.CORBA-Adapter       = info
log4j.category.Transaction         = warn
log4j.category.org.apache.activemq = error
log4j.category.org.apache.geronimo = error
log4j.category.openjpa             = error

log4j.appender.C                   = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.C.layout            = org.apache.log4j.SimpleLayout

Put the logger config details

7. Create Web Application Project

Now, you can develop a web application using EJB3 and Hibernate as the implementation of the JPA.

-Right click on the project explorer -> Select ‘New’ -> Select ‘Dynamic Web Project’

Right click on the project explorer -> Select 'New' -> Select 'Dynamic Web Project'

-Put the name you like -> Select the ‘Apache Tomcat v6.0′ as the target runtime -> Select ’2.5′ as the version of ‘Dynamic Web Module’ -> Select the default Tomcat configuration or your own one -> Click the ‘Next’ button.

Put the name you like -> Select the 'Apache Tomcat v6.0' as the target runtime -> Select '2.5' as the version of 'Dynamic Web Module' -> Select the default Tomcat configuration or your own one -> Click the 'Next' button.

-Change the project context root and directory names if you like -> Click the ‘Finish’ button.

Change the project context root and directory names if you like -> Click the 'Finish' button.

-Right click on the Server to add the project -> Select the ‘Add and Remove Projects…’.

Right click on the Server to add the project -> Select the 'Add and Remove Projects...'.

-Select the project you created -> Click the ‘Add’ button -> Click the ‘Finish’ button.

Select the project you created -> Click the 'Add' button -> Click the 'Finish' button.

-Both openejb and your project are added.

Both openejb and your project are added.

8. Make JPA Project

To use the JPA support feature of Eclipse, you need to change the project facet configuration.

-Right click on your project -> Select the ‘Properties’.

Right click on your project -> Select the 'Properties'.

-Select the ‘Project Facets’ -> Check ‘Java Persistence 1.0′ -> Click the ‘Further configuration available…’ link.

Select the 'Project Facets' -> Check 'Java Persistence 1.0' -> Click the 'Further configuration available...' link.

-Select ‘Generic’ -> Select ‘None’ or your own connection or add a new connection if you wish -> Select ‘Use implementation provided by server runtime’ -> Select ‘Discover annotated classes automatically’ -> Uncheck ‘Create orm.xml’ option -> Click the ‘OK’ button.

Select 'Generic' -> Select 'None' or your own connection or add a new connection if you wish -> Select 'Use implementation provided by server runtime' -> Select 'Discover annotated classes automatically' -> Uncheck 'Create orm.xml' option -> Click the 'OK' button.

9. Add Java EE 5 API library file

You also need to add the Java EE 5 API library file so you can use all the necessary annotations required for EJB3 and JPA.

-Select ‘Java Build Path on the left-hand side menu -> Select the ‘Libraries’ tab -> Click the ‘Add JARs…’ button.

Select 'Java Build Path on the left-hand side menu -> Select the 'Libraries' tab -> Click the 'Add JARs...' button.

-Select ‘javaee-api-5.0-2.jar in the openejb/WebContent/lib directory -> Click the ‘OK’ button.

Select 'javaee-api-5.0-2.jar in the openejb/WebContent/lib directory -> Click the 'OK' button.

-Click the ‘OK’ button.

Click the 'OK' button.

JPA configuration file (persistence.xml) is added

10. Configure persistence.xml file

It’s the last step before starting to programme the actual application.

-Open the persistence.xml file -> Type ‘org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence’ to the ‘Persistence Provider’.

org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence

Open the persistence.xml file -> put 'org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence' to the 'Persistence Provider'.

-Click the ‘Connection’ tab -> Select the ‘JTA’ as the ‘Transaction Type’ -> Type ‘mysqlDataSource’ or your datasource name added in the previous steps. -> Press ‘Ctrl + S’ keys to save the file.

Click the 'Connection' tab -> Select the 'JTA' as the 'Transaction Type' -> Type 'mysqlDataSource' or your datasource name added in the previous steps. -> Press 'Ctrl + S' keys to save the file.

-If you select the ‘Source’ tab, you should see the XML like this.

If you select the 'Source' tab, you should see the XML like above.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="1.0"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd">
	<persistence-unit name="test-web-hibernate" transaction-type="JTA">
		<provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
		<jta-data-source>mysqlDataSource</jta-data-source>
	</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

-If you want Hibernate to automatically create the database tables based on your entity classes every time the server is restarted (in other words, the application is re-deployed), You can add Hibernate specific properties.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence version="1.0"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd">
	<persistence-unit name="test-web-hibernate" transaction-type="JTA">
		<provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
		<jta-data-source>mysqlDataSource</jta-data-source>
		<properties>
			<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create" />
		</properties>
	</persistence-unit>
</persistence>

11. Test

Finally, we have the development environment ready. To test, if I can use EJB3 and JPA with Hibernate on Tomcat, I made a very simple application. The way I design it is not my usual way yet I used Generic DAO pattern which I usually use.

11.1. Entity classes

Here is my only entity class in this test.

package com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.domain;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "users")
public class User implements Serializable
{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@Id
	@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
	@Column(name = "user_id")
	private Long id;

	@Column(name = "username", nullable = false, length = 30)
	private String username;

	@Column(name = "surname", nullable = false, length = 50)
	private String surname;

	@Column(name = "given_name", nullable = false, length = 50)
	private String givenName;

	@Column(name = "email", nullable = true, length = 255)
	private String email;

	public Long getId()
	{
		return id;
	}

	public String getUsername()
	{
		return username;
	}

	public void setUsername(String username)
	{
		this.username = username;
	}

	public String getSurname()
	{
		return surname;
	}

	public void setSurname(String surname)
	{
		this.surname = surname;
	}

	public String getGivenName()
	{
		return givenName;
	}

	public void setGivenName(String givenName)
	{
		this.givenName = givenName;
	}

	public String getEmail()
	{
		return email;
	}

	public void setEmail(String email)
	{
		this.email = email;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object obj)
	{
		if (this == obj)
		{
			return true;
		}

		if (!(obj instanceof User))
		{
			return false;
		}
		User that = (User) obj;
		return (username == that.getUsername() || (null != username && username.equals(that.getUsername())));
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode()
	{
		return (null == username ? 0 : username.hashCode());
	}
}

11.2. Generic DAOs

package com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.dao;

public interface GenericDao<E, K>
{
	E find(K id);

	void persist(E e);

	void remove(E e);
}

package com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.dao;

import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;

public abstract class AbstractGenericDao<E, K> implements GenericDao<E, K>
{
	private Class<E> classType;

	@PersistenceContext(unitName = "test-web-hibernate")
	private EntityManager entityManager;

	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public AbstractGenericDao()
	{
		ParameterizedType parameterizedType = (ParameterizedType) getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
		classType = (Class<E>) parameterizedType.getActualTypeArguments()[0];
	}

	protected final EntityManager getEntityManager()
	{
		if (null == entityManager)
		{
			throw new IllegalStateException("EntityManager is not injected.");
		}
		return entityManager;
	}

	@Override
	public E find(K id)
	{
		return getEntityManager().find(classType, id);
	}

	@Override
	public void persist(E e)
	{
		getEntityManager().persist(e);
	}

	@Override
	public void remove(E e)
	{
		getEntityManager().remove(e);
	}
}

package com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.dao;

import java.util.List;

import javax.ejb.Local;

import com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.domain.User;

@Local
public interface UserDao extends GenericDao<User, Long>
{
	List<User> getUsersByGivenName(String givenName);
}

package com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.dao;

import java.util.List;

import javax.ejb.Stateless;

import com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.domain.User;

@Stateless
public class UserDaoImpl extends AbstractGenericDao<User, Long> implements UserDao
{
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	@Override
	public List<User> getUsersByGivenName(String givenName)
	{
		return getEntityManager().createQuery("from User where givenName = ?")
				.setParameter(1, givenName)
				.getResultList();
	}
}

11.3. Services

package com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.service;

import java.util.List;

import javax.ejb.Local;

import com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.domain.User;

@Local
public interface UserService
{
	User getUser(long id);

	void AddUser(User user);

	List<User> getUserByGivenName(String givenName);
}

package com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.service;

import java.util.List;

import javax.ejb.EJB;
import javax.ejb.Stateless;

import com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.dao.UserDao;
import com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.domain.User;

@Stateless
public class UserServiceBean implements UserService
{
	@EJB
	private UserDao userDao;

	@Override
	public User getUser(long id)
	{
		return userDao.find(id);
	}

	@Override
	public void AddUser(User user)
	{
		userDao.persist(user);
	}

	@Override
	public List<User> getUserByGivenName(String givenName)
	{
		return userDao.getUsersByGivenName(givenName);
	}

}

11. 4. Servlets

package com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.web;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.ejb.EJB;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.domain.User;
import com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.service.UserService;

public class TestServlet extends HttpServlet
{
	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	@EJB
	private UserService userService;

	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
	{
		doPost(request, response);
	}

	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException
	{
		User user = new User();
		user.setUsername("kevinlee");
		user.setSurname("Lee");
		user.setGivenName("Kevin");
		user.setEmail("test@test.test");

		userService.AddUser(user);

		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		session.setAttribute("user", user);

		getServletContext().getRequestDispatcher("/index.jsp")
				.forward(request, response);
	}

}

11.5. Deployment Descriptor (web.xml)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
	id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
	<display-name>test-web-hibernate</display-name>
	<servlet>
		<description></description>
		<display-name>TestServlet</display-name>
		<servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>com.lckymn.kevin.test.openejb.web.TestServlet</servlet-class>
	</servlet>
	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>TestServlet</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>/Test</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
	<welcome-file-list>
		<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
	</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

11. 6. index.jsp

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
	<table>
		<tr>
			<td>User ID: </td><td>${user.id }</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Username: </td><td>${user.username }</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surname: </td><td>${user.surname }</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Given name: </td><td>${user.givenName }</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Email: </td><td>${user.email }</td>
		</tr>
	</table>
</div>
</body>
</html>

12. Run the test application

Access the application URI

http://localhost:8080/test-web-hibernate/Test

It gives me this result.

User ID: 	1
Username: 	kevinlee
Surname: 	Lee
Given name: 	Kevin
Email: 	test@test.test